Tendencia del programa de intervención en DemoMinga, como estrategia para mejorar las dislipidemias y glucemia en la población Norma Luisa, Minga Guazú / Trend of the DemoMinga intervention program as a strategy to improve dyslipidemia and glycemia in the Norma Luisa population, Minga Guazú

Antecedentes: Las enfermedades no transmisibles siguen siendo un problema creciente en el mundo, sobre todo en los países de mediano y bajo ingresos. Los programas de intervención comunitaria se enfocan en su disminución mediante cambios en estilos de vida más saludables. Objetivos: Analizar la tendencia del programa de intervención en actividad física y nutrición, como estrategia para mejorar las dislipidemias y glucemia en los participantes del proyecto DemoMinga. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo. Diseño de investigación acción participativa, de carácter longitudinal, prospectivo. La población estuvo constituida por los participantes del Proyecto DemoMinga. Se determinó en cada participante: colesterol total, triglicéridos y glucemia en ayunas. Las muestras fueron procesadas en el Centro de Investigaciones Médicas de la FACISA-UNE. Se determinaron indicadores de tendencia central (mediana) de cada una de las variables. Resultados: Hubo mayor participación del sexo femenino, con predominio de personas con menos de 45 años. Las mediciones químicas arrojaron una tendencia de disminución a partir del quinto año de intervención, con talleres de cocina saludable incluyendo uso de aceite alto oleico, y actividad física. Sin embargo, la prueba no arrojó diferencias significativas de las mediciones entre la línea de base y el corte a los 6 años. Conclusión: El estudio resalta la importancia de los programas de intervención mediante terapias integrales para la promoción y prevención de las enfermedades cardiometabólicas a largo plazo.

Background: Non-communicable diseases remain a growing problem worldwide, especially in middle and low-income countries. Community intervention programs are focused on reducing their prevalence through promoting healthier lifestyle changes. Objectives: To analyze the trend of the physical activity and nutrition intervention program as a strategy to improve dyslipidemia and glycemia among participants of the DemoMinga project. Materials and methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a participatory action research design, characterized as longitudinal and prospective. The population consisted of participants from the DemoMinga Project. For each participant, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glycemia were measured. Samples were processed at the Medical Research Center of FACISA-UNE. Indicators of central tendency (median) were determined for each of the variables. Results: There was a higher participation of females, with a predominance of individuals under the age of 45. Chemical measurements showed a decreasing trend starting from the fifth year of intervention, involving healthy cooking workshops that included the use of high oleic oil and physical activity. However, the test did not yield significant differences in measurements between the baseline and the 6-year cutoff. Conclusion: The study highlights the significance of intervention programs using comprehensive therapies for the long-term promotion and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.

Tendencia del programa de intervención en DemoMinga, como estrategia para mejorar las dislipidemias y glucemia en la población Norma Luisa, Minga Guazú

Antecedentes: Las enfermedades no transmisibles siguen siendo un problema creciente en el mundo, sobre todo en los países de mediano y bajo ingresos. Los programas de intervención comunitaria se enfocan en su disminución mediante cambios en estilos de vida más saludables. Objetivos: Analizar la tendencia del programa de intervención en actividad física y nutrición, como estrategia para mejorar las dislipidemias y glucemia en los participantes del proyecto DemoMinga. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo. Diseño de investigación acción participativa, de carácter longitudinal, prospectivo. La población estuvo constituida por los participantes del Proyecto DemoMinga. Se determinó en cada participante: colesterol total, triglicéridos y glucemia en ayunas. Las muestras fueron procesadas en el Centro de Investigaciones Médicas de la FACISA-UNE. Se determinaron indicadores de tendencia central (mediana) de cada una de las variables. Resultados: Hubo mayor participación del sexo femenino, con predominio de personas con menos de 45 años. Las mediciones químicas arrojaron una tendencia de disminución a partir del quinto año de intervención, con talleres de cocina saludable incluyendo uso de aceite alto oleico, y actividad física. Sin embargo, la prueba no arrojó diferencias significativas de las mediciones entre la línea de base y el corte a los 6 años. Conclusión: El estudio resalta la importancia de los programas de intervención mediante terapias integrales para la promoción y prevención de las enfermedades cardiometabólicas a largo plazo.

Background: Non-communicable diseases remain a growing problem worldwide, especially in middle and low-income countries. Community intervention programs are focused on reducing their prevalence through promoting healthier lifestyle changes. Objectives: To analyze the trend of the physical activity and nutrition intervention program as a strategy to improve dyslipidemia and glycemia among participants of the DemoMinga project. Materials and methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a participatory action research design, characterized as longitudinal and prospective. The population consisted of participants from the DemoMinga Project. For each participant, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glycemia were measured. Samples were processed at the Medical Research Center of FACISA-UNE. Indicators of central tendency (median) were determined for each of the variables. Results: There was a higher participation of females, with a predominance of individuals under the age of 45. Chemical measurements showed a decreasing trend starting from the fifth year of intervention, involving healthy cooking workshops that included the use of high oleic oil and physical activity. However, the test did not yield significant differences in measurements between the baseline and the 6-year cutoff. Conclusion: The study highlights the significance of intervention programs using comprehensive therapies for the long-term promotion and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.

Effect of comprehensive intervention on the incidence of lactation galactostasis during breasefeeding of pregnant and delivery women / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of comprehensive intervention on the incidence of lactation galactostasis in communities from the perspective of preventive medicine， so as to prevent the occurrence of the mammary ducts obstruction disease. MethodsA total of 400 women in the early stage of pregnancy were selected from four communities. Those in two communities were set up as the intervention group. Comprehensive intervention for the prevention and treatment of mammary ducts obstruction disease during pregnancy and "Six-step recanalization manual therapy" practical guidance were conducted on the intervention group. The pregnant women from the other two communities were the control group， who received no intervention or guidance training. The two groups were followed up at 1 month， 3 months and 5 months postpartum， and the occurrence of mammary ducts obstruction disease was investigated and interventions were carried out. ResultsThe incidence of galactostasis in the intervention group was 26.0%， 10.6% and 5.1%， respectively at 1， 3 and 5 months after delivery， and the incidence of galactostasis in the control group was 38.0%， 22.2% and 8.3%， respectively. The incidence of galactostasis at 1 month and3 months after delivery was statistically different （P<0.05）， while the incidence of galactostasis 5 months after delivery was not statistically different （P>0.05）. The protection rates of comprehensive intervention on galactostasis were 31.58%， 52.25% and 38.55%， respectively. ConclusionPublicity and education work of prevention and control of the mammary ducts obstruction disease and "Six-step recanalization manual therapy" practical guidance can effectively reduce the occurrence of plugged mammary ducts， and therefore should be promoted.

Study on community intervention and management strategy for patients with chronic heart failure / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To monitor the effects of intervention and management on the quality of life and the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic heart failure in the community setting.Methods:Based on questionnaire data, 200 patients with chronic heart failure in the community were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 100 cases in each group.The control group was followed up for routine health information collection at home, while the observation group received standardized community intervention for patients with chronic heart failure.The awareness rate of heart failure, rate of patients receiving drug treatment, rate of standardized drug utilization, cardiac function, satisfaction with quality of life and incidence of cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups.Results:Scientific intervention for community-dwelling patients with chronic heart failure was able to significantly improve standardized drug usage and quality of life( P<0.05).Compared with the control group, patients in the observation group showed a significantly lower probability of cardiovascular events and more favorable results measured with parameters such as blood pressure, blood glucose and heart rate after intervention.Especially noteworthy was that the effective control rate of blood pressure in the observation group reached 72.4%, which was much higher than 45.9% in the control group( χ2=14.543, P<0.05), the effective control rate of blood glucose in the observation group reached 69.4%, which was much higher than 32.7% in the control group( χ2=12.588, P<0.05), and the effective control rate of heart rate in the observation group(80.6%)was much higher than in the control group(53.1%)( χ2=13.137, P<0.05).The observation group also had better results than the control group in quitting smoking, eating a low-salt, low-fat diet, and regularly measuring blood pressure, blood glucose and body fat percentage.The MNLF score in the control group(31.21±3.01)was higher than that in the observation group(22.66±2.87), and the difference was statistically significant( t=7.26, P<0.05).The LiHFe score in the control group(39.85±6.09)was lower than that in the observation group(71.36±4.32), and the difference was statistically significant( t=18.44, P<0.05).The observation group had lower readmission frequency(46.9% vs.29.6%)and incidence of cardiovascular events(56.1% vs.31.6%)than the control group and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=12.64, 15.01, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The establishment of community intervention and management for patients with chronic heart failure can significantly improve the awareness rate of heart failure, rate of drug treatment, rate of standardized drug usage, self-management ability and quality of life, and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events.The practice should be promoted in communities.

Estructura conceptual de la competencia intervención comunitaria desde el paradigma emancipador de autodesarrollo / Conceptual structure of community intervention competence from the emancipatory paradigm of self-development

RESUMEN Objetivo: El artículo que se presenta aporta como resultado científico la descripción de la estructura conceptual de la competencia intervención comunitaria desde el paradigma emancipador de autodesarrollo para su formación en el contexto universitario. Métodos: Los métodos del nivel teórico empleados fueron el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, sistémico-estructural-funcional y del nivel empírico, el análisis de documentos. Resultado: A partir de la sistematización teórica realizada resultó posible develar las particularidades de la competencia objeto de análisis que apuntan hacia su identificación. Se determinaron los problemas contextuales a los que da solución, los ejes procesuales que de ella se derivan, los criterios de desempeño y las evidencias requeridas. Además se proponen niveles y patrones de logro que facilitan su formación y evaluación por cada uno de sus ejes procesuales, constituyendo un valioso instrumento para el trabajo metodológico. Conclusión: La investigación constituye un antecedente teórico necesario para sustentar un modelo pedagógico conducente a la formación de la competencia intervención comunitaria como expresión de la pertinencia social de la universidad y calidad del desempeño profesional en este ámbito.

ABSTRACT Objective: The article that is presented provides as a scientific result the description of the conceptual structure of community intervention competence from the emancipatory paradigm of self-development for its training in the university context. Method: The theoretical level methods used were the historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, systemic-structural-functional and the empirical level, the analysis of documents. Results: From the theoretical systematization carried out, it was possible to reveal the particularities of the competence under analysis that point towards its identification. The contextual problems to which it gives a solution, the procedural axes that derive from it, the performance criteria and the required evidence were determined. In addition, levels and patterns of achievement are proposed that facilitate their formation and evaluation for each of their process axes, constituting a valuable instrument for methodological work. Conclusion: The research constitutes a necessary theoretical background to support a pedagogical model conducive to the formation of community intervention competence as an expression of the social relevance of the university and the quality of professional performance in this field.

Intervenciones comunitarias integradas en el manejo, control y prevención del dengue en la provincia de Guayas-Ecuador 2020 / Community interventions integrated in the management, control and prevention of dengue in the province Guayas-Ecuador 2020

El dengue es una enfermedad febril producida por el virus DENV, transmitida principalmente por el mosquito Aedes aegypti, siendo uno de los problemas de Salud Pública de mayor presentación en países de América Latina, incluido Ecuador. Objetivo: Evaluar intervenciones comunitarias integradas en el manejo, control y prevención del dengue en el Cantón Durán de la provincia de Guayas-Ecuador 2020. Metodología: Investigación de tipo descriptiva, transversal, experimental con estudio de campo, muestra 304 jefes de familia, como instrumento de recolección de datos, se aplicó una encuesta estructurada y lista de cotejo para controla asistencia y participación. La encuesta se aplicó antes y después de la sesión educativa dictada referente al dengue, agente etiológico, síntomas, transmisión, control y prevención, los datos se transcribieron en Microsoft Excel y se uso el software libre EPIDAT 3.1 para calcular frecuencia e intervalos de confianza (IC) al 95%. Resultado: Después de la intervención comunitaria, a través de la sesión educativa dictada referente al dengue, 98,68% (300/304) conocían que la transmisión era por la picadura del mosquito hembra de Aedes aegypti, 98,03% conocían mucho sobre los síntomas del dengue, 99,01% (301/304) realizaban siempre la limpieza y eliminación de los criaderos, 92,43% (281/304) conocían de la enfermedad del dengue por charlas, reuniones y conferencias, evidenciando así, un cambio notable en la comunidad respecto a la información sobre el dengue y las actividades incluidas en el control y prevención de dicha enfermedad, Siendo los micros informativos con un 91,45% (278/304) los que dinamizaron la participación. Conclusión: La intervención comunitaria en el Cantón Durán de la Provincia de Guayas fue integral y dinámica contando con la participación activa(AU)

Dengue is a febrile disease produced by the DENV virus and transmitted by the Aedes aegypti, it is one of the most common Public Health problems in Latin American countries, including Ecuador. Objective. Evaluate integrated community interventions in the management, control and prevention of dengue in the Duran Canton of the Guayas Province-Ecuador 2020. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional, experimental research with a field study with a sample of 304 household heads, such as Data collection instrument, a structured survey of 10 multiple-choice questions with alternative scales was applied before and after the educational session dictated regarding dengue, etiological agent, symptoms, transmission, control and prevention, the data were transcribed in Microsoft Excel and the free software EPIDAT 3.1 was used to calculate frequency and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Outcome. After the community intervention, through the educational session given regarding dengue, 98.68% (300/304) knew that the transmission was by the bite of the female Aedes aegypti, 98.03% knew a lot about the symptoms of dengue, 99.01% (301/304) always carried out the cleaning and elimination of the breeding sites, 92.43% (281/304) knew about the dengue disease through talks, meetings and conferences, thus evidencing a notable change in the community regarding information on dengue and the activities included in the control and prevention of said disease. Conclution. The community intervention in the Duran Canton of the Guayas Province was comprehensive and dynamic in which the subjects actively participated in the transformation of their reality, contributing significantly to the prevention and control of dengue(AU)

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) On Aedes MosquitoBorne Diseases Amongst Community Members in Malaysia: A Review

@#Aedes mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika are classified as emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases across the globe. There is no permanent treatment or vaccine developed and the effort is still on-going. Several mitigation methods were introduced to control Aedes mosquitoes and the outbreak of these diseases. However, they had only been temporarily effective due to the lack of practices and participation of all community members who can contribute to the prevention of Aedes mosquito-borne diseases. Awareness on these diseases is still limited while the knowledge, attitude and practice of an individual strongly determines their level of involvement at community level towards prevention. This review highlights an overview of knowledge, attitude and practice studies on Aedes mosquito-borne diseases among different communities in Malaysia, the limitation in the knowledge, attitude and practice studies and the improvement that can be made to the knowledge, attitude and practice approach to encourage a more inclusive community involvement in Malaysia.

Una mirada hacia la inseguridad alimentaria sudamericana / An overview of South American food insecurity

Resumen El presente estudio pretende explorar el estado de Inseguridad Alimentaria (IA) en cada país perteneciente a la comunidad sudamericana. Para ello y considerando que es un problema vigente y de carácter multifactorial, se analizaron sus cuatro pilares: disponibilidad, acceso, estabilidad y utilización de alimentos. Como resultado, se observa que la mala utilización de alimentos, es la causa más propensa a causar IA en la comunidad sudamericana, no obstante, la indisponibilidad e inaccesibilidad hacia los alimentos, causa gran preocupación en ciertos estados de la subregión. El origen más probable es la baja promoción de buenos hábitos alimenticios, además de políticas erradas que impiden la correcta producción y/o motivación de los campesinos a seguir ejerciendo sus actividades en el agro. Este problema debe ser mitigado lo antes posible, ya que, aunque empieza por no tener el dinero y/o los hábitos alimenticios necesarios, termina con graves problemas de salud hacia los pobladores. Consideramos importante fortalecer políticas para erradicar la IA sudamericana, iniciando con el apoyo hacia la producción de alimentos, para finalizar con intervenciones nutricionales que permitan mejorar los hábitos alimenticios de los habitantes.

Abstract The scope of this study is to examine the status of Food Insecurity (FI) in each country included in the South American community. To achieve this and considering that it is a current and multifactorial problem, its four pillars were analyzed: food availability, access, stability and use. As a result, it is observed that the misuse of food is the most likely cause of FI in the South American community, however, the lack of availability and inaccessibility of food causes great concern in certain states of the subregion. The most probable origin is the inadequate promotion of good eating habits, in addition to misguided policies that hinder the correct production and/or motivation of the peasants to continue carrying out their activities in agriculture. This problem needs to be addressed as soon as possible as, although it originates in not having the money and/or the necessary nutritional habits, it leads to serious health problems for the inhabitants. The consensus reached is that it is important to enhance policies to eradicate FI in South America, starting with support for food production, and following that up with nutritional interventions that improve the dietary habits of the inhabitants.

Effect of standardized management of hypertension patients in community / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To investigate the effect of standardized management of hypertension patients in community.@*Methods@#Permanent residents aged 50-60 in the community were selected as the survey subjects from January 2016 to January 2017.After the standardized training of professional doctors in the First People's Hospital of Huainan, a unified investigation was carried out.A total of 160 qualified hypertensive patients were selected, including 91 males and 69 females.According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into the control group and the intervention group.The control group was given routine community nursing, and the intervention group was given standardized community team management, and the intervention period was 1 year.The changes of blood pressure and awareness rate before and after intervention were compared and analyzed.@*Results@#Through standardized management of the team, the awareness rate, medication rate and control rate (85.0%, 77.5%, 47.5%) of the control group were higher than those before management (57.5%, 53.8%, 28.8%). The " three rates" of hypertension patients in intervention group (100.0%, 92.5%, 68.8%) were higher than those before management (58.8%, 56.2%, 31.3%). Moreover, the awareness rate, medication rate and control rate of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group(χ2=12.973, 7.059, 7.421, all P<0.05). Meanwhile, the DBP and SBP of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group[DBP: (98.7±16.4)mmHg vs.(78.5±11.7)mmHg, t=5.42, P<0.05; SBP: (161.2±10.6)mmHg vs.(130.6±12.1)mmHg, t=-5.31, P<0.05].@*Conclusion@#The effect of standardized management of hypertension patients in community is better than traditional community nursing, which can effectively reduce blood pressure and improve the awareness rate, and is suitable for clinical application.

Awareness, knowledge and acceptance of community on a noncommunicable disease intervention – Findings from the “Healthy Community, Developed Nation” (KOSPEN) in the Southern Zone of Peninsular Malaysia

@#Community-based health promotion programme has been recognised to reduce modifiable lifestyle risk behaviours for non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of the awareness, knowledge and acceptance of a community-based intervention programme, “Komuniti Sihat, Pembina Negara“ (KOSPEN) (Healthy Community, Developed Nation). Methods This cross-sectional study employed a two-stage proportionate sampling method to select a representative sample of communities in the Southern states of Peninsular Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Malacca, and Johor. Face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants using pre-validated questionnaires was the study tool applied. Results The study revealed that approximately two thirds of respondents were aware of the KOSPEN programme (65.5%) and almost half (45.4%) of them were involved in the health promotion activities, namely health screenings (84.8%), health talks (66.4%), and providing plain water in formal occasion (52.9%). About two thirds and one-quarter of them have a very good (73.4%) and good (24.1%) general view on this programme. Four out of ten respondents faced difficulties joining the activities. Lack of time (83.0%) was reported as the main barrier. Conclusions The KOSPEN programme in overall was moderately accepted by the community. However, the need for future improvement has to be highlighted in order to enhance the involvement and participation of the communities.

Effect of standardized management of hypertension patients in community / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the effect of standardized management of hypertension patients in community.Methods Permanent residents aged 50-60 in the community were selected as the survey subjects from January 2016 to January 2017.After the standardized training of professional doctors in the First People's Hospital of Huainan,a unified investigation was carried out.A total of 160 qualified hypertensive patients were selected ,including 91 males and 69 females.According to the random number table method ,the patients were divided into the control group and the intervention group.The control group was given routine community nursing ,and the intervention group was given standardized community team management ,and the intervention period was 1 year.The changes of blood pressure and awareness rate before and after intervention were compared and analyzed .Results Through standardized management of the team , the awareness rate, medication rate and control rate (85.0%,77.5%,47.5%) of the control group were higher than those before management (57.5%,53.8%,28.8%).The ＂three rates＂of hyperten-sion patients in intervention group (100.0%,92.5%,68.8%) were higher than those before management (58.8%, 56.2%,31.3%).Moreover,the awareness rate,medication rate and control rate of the intervention group were signifi-cantly higher than those of the control group (χ2 ＝12.973,7.059,7.421,all P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the DBP and SBP of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group [ DBP:(98.7 ±16.4) mmHg vs. (78.5 ±11.7)mmHg,t＝5.42,P＜0.05;SBP:(161.2 ±10.6)mmHg vs.(130.6 ±12.1)mmHg,t＝-5.31,P＜0.05].Conclusion The effect of standardized management of hypertension patients in community is better than traditional community nursing,which can effectively reduce blood pressure and improve the awareness rate ,and is suitable for clinical application.

Programa de intervención comunitaria dirigido a pacientes con riesgo de tuberculosis pulmonar / Project of community intervention directed to patients with risk of Lung Tuberculosis

Introducción: En la actualidad la tuberculosis pulmonar continúa siendo uno de los procesos infecciosos más observados en el mundo. Objetivo: Diseñar un programa de intervención comunitaria dirigido a pacientes con riesgo de tuberculosis pulmonar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal en el consultorio 9 del Policlínico Docente Mario Antonio Pérez Mollinedo durante el periodo de noviembre de 2015 a marzo de 2017. Se seleccionó una muestra de 56 pacientes de una población de 125 dispensarizados con riesgo de tuberculosis. La estrategia de selección se basó en el muestreo no probabilístico intencional por criterios. Se aplicaron diferentes métodos y técnicas, como el análisis documental y cuestionarios. Para el procesamiento de la información se empleó la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo a los que se encontraban expuestos los pacientes eran: el hábito de fumar (57,1 por ciento); el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas (46,4 por ciento); residir en condiciones de hacinamiento (44,6 por ciento); viviendas con malas condiciones (33,9 por ciento); estar expuestos a más de 2 factores de riesgo (58,9 por ciento); padecer de diabetes mellitus (14,2 por ciento), asma bronquial y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (21,4 por ciento); y bajo nivel de conocimiento sobre la tuberculosis pulmonar (83,9 por ciento). Conclusiones: El programa de intervención comunitaria dirigido a pacientes con riesgo de tuberculosis pulmonar, según la evaluación de los especialistas, es pertinente y factible. En la actualidad se encuentra en fase de aplicación en el área de salud donde se realizó la investigación(AU)

Introduction: Nowadays, lung tuberculosis is still one of the most important infectious processes in the world. Objective: To design a project of community intervention directed to patients with risk of lung tuberculosis. Methods: It was carried out a descriptive cross-sectional's type study in the Family Doctor's Office #9 belonging to Mario Antonio Pérez Mollinedo Teaching Policlinic from November, 2015 to March, 2017. It was selected a sample of 56 patients from a population of 125 patients classified as with risk of Tuberculosis. The selection's strategy was based in an intentional non-probabilistic sampling by criteria. Different methods and techniques were applied as documentary analysis and questionnaires. Descriptive statistic and the analysis of qualitative data were used for processing information. Results: The risk factors that these patients were exposed were: smoking habit (57.1 percent); consumption of alcoholic beverages (46.4 percent); to live in overcrowding conditions (44.6 percent); housings with bad conditions (33.9 percent); to be exposed to more than 2 risk factors (58.9 percent); suffering Diabetes Mellitus (14.2 percent); bronchial asthma and COPD (21.4 percent); and low level of knowledge on lung tuberculosis (83.9%). Conclusions: The project of community intervention directed to patients with risk of Lung Tuberculosis, according to the specialists' assessment, it is pertinent and feasible. At the moment is in the application phase in the health area where it was carried out the investigation as part of a thesis of specialty(AU)

Intervención comunitaria para la prevención de la infertilidad tuboperitoneal en estudiantes de educación superior / Community intervention for the prevention of tuboperitoneal infertility in higher education students

Introducción: La infertilidad por obstrucción tuboperitoneal, está relacionada con factores de riesgo de conducta sexual y enfermedades infecciosas ginecológicas prevenibles. Los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, son un grupo poblacional en el cual la intervención comunitaria es primordial para la prevención. Las conductas sexuales de riesgo en esta etapa de la vida, contribuyen al desarrollo de este tipo de actividad. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto de la intervención comunitaria "Prevención de la infertilidad tuboperitoneal", en estudiantes de educación superior. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de intervención comunitaria, mediante un programa de educación para la salud a estudiantes de educación superior. Un año después de la ejecución de la intervención se determinó su impacto en el nivel de conocimientos sobre infecciones de trasmisión sexual y aborto, así como la modificación de los factores de riesgo de infertilidad tuboperitoneal identificados en las estudiantes, antes de comenzar la investigación. Resultados: Las relaciones sexuales desprotegidas disminuyeron de 77,4 por ciento a 41,7 por ciento, la media de parejas sexuales de 2 a 1,23, la de abortos provocados de 0,85 a 0,18. Se produjo un índice de variación de 32,3 por ciento en el caso de la infección vaginal, 60,2 por ciento en la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica, 13,8 por ciento en la infección de transmisión sexual y 32 por ciento en la infección postaborto. Conclusiones: La intervención comunitaria impactó en la disminución de las relaciones sexuales desprotegidas, el número de parejas sexuales, se confirmó la reducción del aborto provocado y las enfermedades infecciosas ginecológicas(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Infections due to tuboperitoneal obstruction are related to risk factors of sexual behavior and preventable infectious gynecological diseases. Adolescents and young adults are a population group in which community intervention is paramount for prevention. Sexual risk behaviors in this stage of life contribute to the development of this type of activity. Objective: To determine the impact of community intervention "Prevention of tuboperitoneal infertility" in higher education students. Methods: A community intervention study was conducted through a health education program for higher education students. One year after the execution of the intervention, its impact on the level of knowledge about sexually transmitted infections and abortion was determined, as well as the modification of the risk factors for tuboperitoneal infertility identified in the students before beginning the investigation. Results: Unprotected sex decreased from 77.4 percent to 41.7 percent, the average of sexual partners from 2 to 1.23, that of induced abortions from 0.85 to 0.18. There was a variation rate of 32.3 percent in the case of the vaginal infection, 60.2 percent in the pelvic inflammatory disease, 13.8 percent in the sexually transmitted infection and 32 percent in the post abortion infection. Conclusions: The community intervention impacted on the reduction of unprotected sex, the number of sexual partners, the reduction of induced abortion and infectious gynecological diseases(AU)

Community intervention in elderly patients with insomnia / 中华全科医师杂志

Community intervention was conducted for 60 elderly patients with insomnia who attended the clinic of Sanlihe NO.1 Community Health Service Station of Yuetan Community Health Service Center from October 2016 to December 2016. Community intervention strategies included appointed visit to contracted family doctors, health counseling by specialists, lifestyle interventions, drug interventions, psychological interventions, individualized interventions, regular home visits and follow-up, self-management and referral to specialist service. After 1 year of community intervention, the differences of sleep quality self-assessment score [(29.77±7.20) vs. (28.62±6.79) ; t=7.48,P<0.01] and COOP/WONCA score [(17.38±3.35] vs. (16.00±3.09); t=8.69,P<0.01] before and after the intervention were statistically significant. Community intervention is helpful to improve the quality of sleep and life of the elderly insomnia patients.

Intervention effect assessment of response to heatwave in communities of four cities, China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the intervention effects of response to heatwave in communities of four cities, China.@*Methods@#Baseline survey on heatwave and climate change related knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) was conducted in the pilot communities in Harbin, Nanjing, Shenzhen and Chongqing, using face-to-face questionnaire interview in November, 2011 to November, 2013. Finally, 1 604 residents were interviewed. Intervention measures were implemented in summers of 2013 and 2014, including delivering early warning information of heatwave health risk and launching health education and promotion. The second survey was conducted in same communities using the same questionnaire and sampling method as baseline survey in November, 2014, and 1 640 residents were interviewed. The Chi-square test was used to compare the demographic characteristics and KAP of community residents between before and after intervention, and the factors that affected the intervention effect were selected by logistic multiple stepwise regression model.@*Results@#The age of the residents interviewed before and after intervention was (46.4 ± 15.5) years and (45.0 ± 15.9) years, respectively. Overall, the residents' awareness rates of heatwave before and after intervention were 70.5% (1 131/1 604) and 82.9% (1 359/1 640) (χ2=69.40, P<0.001). The rate of residents who had wished to receive early warning information increased 6.3% (χ2=41.11, P<0.001), which reached 94.6% (1 551/1 604) after intervention from 88.3% (1 416/1 604) in baseline survey. Both heatwave health risk early warning and health education had big impacts to residents. There were 92.7% (1 105 residents) among the 1 192 residents who had received the early warning information arrange work and rest time according to the early warning information and 93.0% (1 231 residents) among the 1 323 residents who knew about health education activities being conducted in community thought that the community health education activities had made active role in protecting health from heatwaves. After a series of intervention, male had a effect on attitude about hot wave than female in Nanjing and Chongqing, OR (95%CI) were 1.48(1.02-2.16) and 1.45 (1.18-2.05) , respectively; compared with subjects below primary school education, people with college degree or above had higer KAP in all cities (ORs range from 1.18 to 2.05), P<0.05; regular physical exercise (ORs range from 1.39 to 2.70) also had profound impacts on KAP in all cities (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#s Early warning and health education were effective measures to enhance residents' response capacity to climate change.

Effect of influenza and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinations on elderly with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: a community-based intervention study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of influenza and 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccinations on symptom-improvement among elderly with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).Methods Data was gathered from 4 communities in 3 National Demonstration Areas set for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases in Chongqing city and Ningbo city respectively,from November 2013 to October 2014.The communities were selected by cluster sampling and divided into 4 groups:(1) injected influenza vaccines;(2) injected with pneumococcal vaccines;(3) received both of the two vaccines;(4) the control group that without any intervention measures.All the subjects aged from 60 to 75 were selected to fill in demographic information questionnaire and receive (COPD assessment test,CAT) scores twice,before intervention and 1 year after the vaccination.SAS 9.4 software was used to analyze the change of symptoms and CAT scores before and after the intervention program and comparing the improvement on symptoms among the elderly people under study.Results A total of 1 244 subjects with nearly same baseline conditions after the propensity score matching,were involved in this study.CAT scores appeared as Median=21 (IQR:17-26) at baseline.The CAT scores appeared as Median=18 (IQR:14-24),decreasing in all the 3 vaccinated groups,one year after the intervention program (influenza vaccines,matching t test,t=-6.531,P=0.403;pneumococcal vaccines,Wilcoxon test,H=-9 623,P＜0.001;combined vaccine vaccines,matching t test,t=-10.803,P＜0.001).However,in the control group,no obvious change was observed (Wilcoxon H=1 167,P=0.403).Proportions of impacts at high or very high levels all decreased in the 3 intervention groups,while little change was observed in the control group.Outcomes from the Factorial analysis suggested that influenza vaccination could improve the general conditions and symptoms including cough,chest tightness,dyspnea,physical activities,and stamina.Pneumococcal vaccination appeared more effective on all of symptoms and indicators.Conclusion Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination seemed helpful for elderly people suffering COPD to improve the general health condition.

Effect of influenza and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinations on elderly with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: a community-based intervention study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of influenza and 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccinations on symptom-improvement among elderly with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).Methods Data was gathered from 4 communities in 3 National Demonstration Areas set for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases in Chongqing city and Ningbo city respectively,from November 2013 to October 2014.The communities were selected by cluster sampling and divided into 4 groups:(1) injected influenza vaccines;(2) injected with pneumococcal vaccines;(3) received both of the two vaccines;(4) the control group that without any intervention measures.All the subjects aged from 60 to 75 were selected to fill in demographic information questionnaire and receive (COPD assessment test,CAT) scores twice,before intervention and 1 year after the vaccination.SAS 9.4 software was used to analyze the change of symptoms and CAT scores before and after the intervention program and comparing the improvement on symptoms among the elderly people under study.Results A total of 1 244 subjects with nearly same baseline conditions after the propensity score matching,were involved in this study.CAT scores appeared as Median=21 (IQR:17-26) at baseline.The CAT scores appeared as Median=18 (IQR:14-24),decreasing in all the 3 vaccinated groups,one year after the intervention program (influenza vaccines,matching t test,t=-6.531,P=0.403;pneumococcal vaccines,Wilcoxon test,H=-9 623,P＜0.001;combined vaccine vaccines,matching t test,t=-10.803,P＜0.001).However,in the control group,no obvious change was observed (Wilcoxon H=1 167,P=0.403).Proportions of impacts at high or very high levels all decreased in the 3 intervention groups,while little change was observed in the control group.Outcomes from the Factorial analysis suggested that influenza vaccination could improve the general conditions and symptoms including cough,chest tightness,dyspnea,physical activities,and stamina.Pneumococcal vaccination appeared more effective on all of symptoms and indicators.Conclusion Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination seemed helpful for elderly people suffering COPD to improve the general health condition.

Do not forget culture when implementing mental health interventions for violence survivors / Não se esqueça da cultura quando for implementar intervenções mentais em saúde para sobreviventes da violência

Abstract Armed conflict has positioned Colombia as the country with the second highest internal displacement of citizens. This situation has forced government projects and international cooperation agencies to intervene to mitigate the impact of violence; however, the coping strategies implemented by the country's minorities are still unknown. The study objective is to describe the coping strategies and their relation with mental health within Afro-descendant culture in Colombia and the effects that armed conflict has on these coping mechanisms, through a phenomenological study involving focus groups and interviews with experts. Rituals and orality have a healing function that allow Afro-Colombian communities to express their pain and support each other, enabling them to cope with loss. Since the forced displacement, these traditions have been in jeopardy. Armed conflict prevents groups from mourning, generating a form of latent pain. Afro-Colombians require community interventions that create similar spaces for emotional support for the bereaved persons in the pre-conflict period. Thus, it is essential to understand the impact of this spiritual and ritualistic approach on mental health issues and the relevance of narrative and community interventions for survivors.

Resumo O conflito armado posiciona a Colômbia como o país com o segundo maior deslocamento interno em todo o mundo. Esta situação obrigou projetos do governo e agências de cooperação internacional a intervir; no entanto, as estratégias de enfrentamento implementadas por minorias do país ainda são desconhecidas. O objetivo do estudo é descrever as estratégias de enfrentamento e sua relação com a saúde mental dentro da cultura afro-descendente na Colômbia e os efeitos que o conflito armado tem sobre esses mecanismos de enfrentamento, por meio de um estudo fenomenológico envolvendo grupos focais e entrevistas com especialistas. Rituais e oralidade têm uma função de cura que permite que as comunidades afro-colombianas para expressar sua dor e apoiar uns aos outros, permitindo-lhes lidar com a perda. Em razão do deslocamento forçado, essas tradições têm estado em perigo; o conflito armado impede-os de realizar o luto, gerando uma forma de dor latente. Elas exigem intervenções comunitárias que criem espaços de apoio emocional para as pessoas enlutadas similares aos do período pré-conflito. Assim, é essencial compreender o impacto dessa abordagem ritualista em questões de saúde mental, bem como a pertinência das intervenções comunitárias e narrativa para os sobreviventes.

Community intervention: assessment of parental training of a family prevention programme of substance use and associated risk behaviours / Intervención comunitaria: evaluación de la formación de los padres de un programa de prevención familiar de consumo de sustancias y comportamientos de riesgo asociados

Abstract The manuscript presents the results of a family and community intervention project to prevent drug use. The project was theoretically based in two integrative models - Structural Model of Cowen and Eco-Developmental Model - taking a multicausal perspective and the methodological principle of empowerment. This study had two assessment moments: (T1) a week before the intervention and (T2) a week after the end of the intervention. Data was collected from 42 adults with parenting responsibilities and the results indicate significant changes in the increase of cohesion, expressivity, control, and the increase of the orientation for recreational activities. It has also observed a decrease of the educational strategies that characterise the authoritarian and permissive styles.

Resumen El manuscrito presenta los resultados de un proyecto familiar de intervención comunitaria de prevención del consumo de drogas. El proyecto se basa en dos modelos de integración: modelo estructural de Cowen y modelo ecodesarrollo, adoptando una perspectiva multicausal y guiándose por el principio metodológico de empoderamiento. Este estudio tuvo dos momentos de evaluación: (T1) una semana antes de la intervención y (T2) una semana después del final de la intervención. Se presentan los datos reunidos de 42 adultos con responsabilidades parentales y los resultados indican cambios significativos en el ámbito familiar en el aumento de la cohesión, expresividad, el control y de la orientación de las actividades recreativas. También se observa una disminución de las estrategias educativas que caracterizan los estilos autoritarios y permisivos.

Programa de educación comunitaria sobre salud nefrológica en adultos mayores con factores de riesgo / Community education program about kidney-related health in senior adult with risk factors

Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica puede ser prevenible y siempre tratable. Las acciones de promoción y educación para la salud influyen en la incidencia y prevalencia de la misma, son el eje del paso del concepto negativo de la salud a una visión positiva. Objetivo: diseñar un programa de educación comunitaria sobre salud nefrológica en adultos mayores. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de desarrollo tecnológico a través de la utilización de técnicas participativas en el periodo de enero de 2015 a enero de 2016. Resultados: la propuesta se sustentó en metas establecidas para su cumplimiento y posterior evaluación de impacto, diseñando un grupo de actividades a realizar previas a la implementación del programa de educación comunitaria que incluyeron capacitación de facilitadores, organización y coordinación de los grupos; así se estructuraron las sesiones de trabajo, dividiendo de forma didáctica el programa en etapas, que incluyeron: diagnóstico comunitario, unificación intersectorial y organización vinculada, utilizando la metodología, investigación -acción- participación, monitoreo y evaluación. Conclusiones: se diseñó un programa de educación comunitaria sobre salud nefrológica dirigido a adultos mayores que podrá ser una herramienta que potencialice la actividad de educación para la salud en este grupo poblacional y logre una mejor calidad de vida de los mismos(AU)

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease can be preventable and always treatable. Health promotion and education actions influence its incidence and prevalence, as well as the axis of the shift from the negative concept of health to a positive vision. Objective: To design a community education program on kidney-related health in senior adults. Methods: A study of technological development was carried out from January 2015 to January 2016. The program proposed was based on the use of participatory techniques. Results: The proposal was based on established goals for its fulfilment and subsequent impact assessment, designing a group of activities to carry out the implementation of the community education program that includes the training of facilitators, and the organization and coordination of the groups. Thus, the work sessions were structured, dividing the program in a didactic way in the stages that included: the community diagnosis, the cross-sector unification, and the related organization, using the methodology research-action-participation, monitoring, and assessment. Conclusions: A community education program on kidney-related health was designed for the senior adults, which could be a tool that would enhance health education activity in this population group and achieve a better quality of life for them(AU)